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The
glacier and volcano Eyjafjallajökull
The icecap of the glacier covers a about 700.000 years
old volcano (1,666 m in height) which has not erupted
very frequently since the Ice Age.
There were only 3 eruptions during the last 1100 years,
i.e. since settlement began in Iceland. The latest
eruption began in March 2010, and the most recent
eruption before then was from 1821 to 1823, causing a
some smaller glacier runs. Previous eruptions were in
1612 and 920.
The crater of the volcano has a diameter of 3–4 km and
the glacier covers an area of about 100 km.
The eruption of
Eyjafjallajökull in the years 1821-23
In this case it was a rather small volcanic eruption.
[1]
But inspite of that it caused some damage. This was
especially due to the fact that the ash contained a lot
of fluoride, a toxic gas which has a very negative
influence on the bone structure of cattle, horses, sheep
and men. The eruption caused also some small and medium
glacier runs and flooding at the nearby rivers
Markarfljót and Holtsá.
The eruptive phase started on 19th and 20th of december
by an series of explosive eruptions continuing during
the next days. The sources talk about heavy ash fall in
the areas around the volcano especially to the south and
west.
After that the eruption continued on a more subdued
level til june 1822.
From end of june til beginning of august 1822 some other
series of explosive eruptions followed. The eruption
columns were shot in considerable hights with ash fall
as well far in the north of the country in Eyjafjörður
as in the southwest on the peninsula of Seltjarnarnes
near Reykjavík.
The period from august to december 1822 was seemingly
quieter. But farmers attributed the death of cattle and
sheep in the Eyjafjörður to fluor poisoning from this
eruption. Some small glacier runs occurred in the river
Holtsá. A bigger one flooded the plains near the river
Markarfljót. The sources don’t indicated the exact date
of that.
In 1823 some men went hiking up on Eyjafjallajökull to
inspect the craters. They discovered an eruption fissure
near the summet caldera a bit to the west of
Guðnasteinn.
In the spring of 1823, the nearby volcano Katla under
the glacier Mýrdalsjökull erupted and at the same time
steam colomns were seen on the summet of
Eyjafjallajökull.
The ash of Eyjafjallajökull’s 1821 eruptions is to be
found all over the south of Iceland. It is darkgrey in
colour, small-grained and intermediate igneous rock
containing about 68-70% SiO2.
*Source, Wikepedia. :) |
I take
screen shots peridocally during the day and post them on
flickr. Each image is link to my flickr account and I am
trying to keep them in a time line from past to present.
View all my image HERE
Eyjafjallajokull - April 2,
2010 (2) - Late Afternoon. Been snowing most of the day.
Eyjafjallajokull - April 2,
2010 (1) - Cam up close, about 2 miles from site. - Pre
Dawn image.
April 2, 2010. 30 minutes
after dusk, eruptions still gaining more strength. There
are a few small lights where tourists have been
gathering since the old tourist site got cutoff on March
31, due to the new fissure erupting.
April 1, 2010. Secondary location 20
minutes after other images. Eruption dramatically
increasing. The little lights are tourists fleeing.
April 1, 2010. Eruption has
grown in size with a second fissur being created.
Original fissure still erupting as strong as ever. New
fissure is larger.
March 25, 2010 - Eruption continous to be
strong without pause |
